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UNCLASSIFIED
ALL-DOMAIN ANOMALY RESOLUTION OFFICE (AARO)
ALL-DOMAIN ANOMALY 
RESOLUTION OFFICE
Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities
Dr. Jon Kosloski
Director, AARO
UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED
ALL-DOMAIN ANOMALY RESOLUTION OFFICE (AARO)
UAP REPORTING TRENDS: JANUARY 1, 1996 – OCTOBER 10, 2024
REPORTED-UAP ALTITUDES
8.7%
8.0%
10.0%
25.8%
17.8%
6.1%
4.6%
4.0%
2.8%
6.1%
2.3%
3.3%
0.4%
5K
10K
15K
20K
25K
30K
35K
40K
45K
50K
55K
60K
>60K
CLOSED CASES RESOLUTION OUTCOMES
Satellite(s), 1%
Balloon(s), 75%
UAS(s), 16%
Other, 1%
Aircraft, 1%
Bird(s), 6%
2UNCLASSIFIED
REPORTED UAP-MORPHOLOGY
Orb, Round, 
Sphere, 31%
Ambiguous 
Sensor 
Contact, 5%
Other, 5%
Lights, 46%
Cylinder, 5%
Disk, 1%
Triangle, 3%
Square/Polygon, 3%
TicTac, 2%
Mt Everest
Commercial Air Traffic
Weather Balloons
REPORTED-UAP HOTSPOTS

UNCLASSIFIED
ALL-DOMAIN ANOMALY RESOLUTION OFFICE (AARO)
▪Event: On April 26, 2013, a U.S. Customs and Border Protection (USCBP) aircraft
recorded infrared (IR) video of a potential unidentified 
anomalous phenomenon
(UAP) over Puerto Rico’s Rafael Hernandez Airport. The video appears to show
an object traveling at high speed, splitting into two objects, and entering and
exiting the water. The object was deemed anomalous based on these initial
perceptions.
▪Findings: AARO, in coordination with Intelligence Community (IC) and Science
and Technology (S&T) partners assess with high confidence that the UAP did
not demonstrate any anomalous speeds or flight characteristics.
▪Two distinct objects were airborne in proximity to each other, rather than a
single object splitting into two.
▪Modeling and Minimum Separation Vectors analysis indicates the illusion of
splitting was likely due to the changing angle of sensor view allowing only
intermittent views of both objects.
▪The perception of high speed was attributed to
motion parallax.
▪Reconstruction confirmed the objects traveled at
wind speed in a straight line over land during the
entire observation period, never entering
the water.
THE PUERTO RICO OBJECT
3UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED
ALL-DOMAIN ANOMALY RESOLUTION OFFICE (AARO)
4
THE PUERTO RICO OBJECT
▪Analytic Factors: Perception of objects’
fading in and out due to Thermal
Crossover.
▪Trajectory reconstruction shows the
objects traveled southwest in a straight
line at a consistent speed of ≈3.6
meters per second while slowly
descending to ≈200 meters.
▪Winds were 7 knots (3.6 m/s) out of the
east-northeast. Cloud cover was
approximately 50 percent, with scattered
clouds at 914 meters (3000 feet).
Vector analysis is used to plot the line of sight of the sensor as a function of time. Using a closest-approach 
method, a track of the object can be estimated
UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED
ALL-DOMAIN ANOMALY RESOLUTION OFFICE (AARO)
GO FAST
▪Event: In January 2015, U.S. Navy aircraft recorded an object 
appearing to travel at high speeds close to the ocean surface off 
Florida’s east coast.
▪Findings: 
Following in-depth computational analysis of Navy aircraft’s 
flight characteristics and sensor readings, AARO, in coordination with 
S&T partners, assesses with high confidence the UAP did not 
demonstrate any anomalous speeds or flight characteristics.
▪Analytic Factors: The UAP’s altitude is assessed with high confidence 
as approximately 13,000 feet above sea level at a calculated velocity 
of approximately 45 mph / 39 knots.
▪Analysis of contemporaneous weather patterns in the area at the 
time of event indicate winds were ap