Tvångsperspektiv och parallax i UAP-observationer

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All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) 
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 An AARO Information Paper
Effect of Forced Perspective and Parallax View on UAP Observations
 
 
May 2024 
Introduction 
While no single explanation or method of analysis can account for all unidentified anomalous 
phenomena (UAP) cases received by the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO), the 
effects of forced perspective and parallax can frequently explain excessively large sizes or high 
speeds described in UAP reports. In many cases, the reporter may be positioned far from the 
object being observed while moving fast relative to it. Under these conditions, an observer can 
misinterpret the apparent size and speed of a UAP due to the two separate but related phenomena 
of forced perspective and parallax. This paper provides a basic overview of these phenomena and 
their impact on UAP observations. 
Forced Perspective and Range Estimation 
Figure 1: Example of forced perspective. The person in the foreground is much closer to 
the camera than the tower. 
Forced perspective is used in photography and filmmaking to give the illusion that an object is 
larger or smaller than its true size. Posing for a photograph while holding the Eiffel Tower by the 
tip or pushing against the Leaning Tower of Pisa is a classic example of this technique, as 
depicted in Figure 1. The Leaning Tower of Pisa is approximately 190 feet tall, and an average 
Photo Source: Pexels

All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) 
 
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person is between five and six feet tall. In this example, forced perspective distorts the distance 
between the tower and the person, causing both the person to appear larger and the tower to 
appear smaller than their true sizes. 
The example above demonstrates the effects of forced perspective. Recognizing the optical 
illusion in this case is easy because the actual sizes of both objects in the image are known. 
However, judging the sizes of unknown objects in the sky is harder. Observers will often 
compare unknown objects to clouds, trees, buildings, or other non-standard references to make 
estimates. Observers can, therefore, inaccurately perceive the distance between an object and a 
reference, leading to an inaccurate estimate of the object’s actual size. Making an error while 
estimating an object’s size or distance is even more likely if, unlike the Tower of Pisa, the object 
has no discernable features (e.g., windows, propellers, wings). 
Consider a case in which there are no references against which to compare an unknown object. 
In such a case, an observer must estimate its distance without any clues. Accurately estimating an 
object’s size and distance without a known reference is difficult. Forced perspective can cause 
large, faraway objects to appear smaller and closer than their actual size and position - or vice 
versa. The image in Figure 2 demonstrates this effect. A 10’ sphere with no features (e.g., 
windows, lines, surface details) positioned at an unknown distance from an observer may appear 
smaller or larger than its actual size, depending on the observer’s reference point and 
assumptions. 
 
 
Figure 2: The 10’ sphere on the far right is an unknown distance from the observer. If the 
observer estimates the range to be shorter, they will estimate the size to be smaller. 

All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) 
 
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Parallax 
Parallax view, or the parallax effect, is a phenomenon that can distort an object’s actual position 
when viewed aga